...tipo Guerra contra o Terrorismo
"In his recent book The Coming of the Third Reich, British historian Richard J. Evans recounts how Fredrich Ebert, the Social Democrat who served as the first president of Germany's Weimar Republic, pioneered the use of arbitrary executive power – particularly Article 48 of the constitution, which allowed the president to rule by decree -- that was later used by Hitler to such murderous effect.
“The power to rule by decree was only intended for exceptional emergencies,” recalls Evans. “But Ebert ... made very extensive use of this power, employin it on no fewer than 136 separate occasions.” This included orders dissolving elected governments in Saxony and Thuringia, and a 1920 order retroactively authorizing use of the death penalty for public disorder during a civil war in the Ruhr between Communist and proto-Nazi militias.
Upon assuming the office of chief executive, Field Marshal Paul von Hindenberg was “persuaded of the correctness of the use of Presidential emergency powers by the example of his predecessor,” Evans continues. With the country in social and economic turmoil, Hindenberg “began to feel that a conservative dictatorship was the only way out of the crisis....” Hindenberg was, in the context of Weimar Germany, a conservative. His successor was not.
Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution did not specify how dictatorial exective power would be taken back; Article 25 even permitted the executive to dissolve the Reichstag. These provisions, coupled with the 1933 “Enabling Act” -- passed, amid public intimidation of the Reichstag by the Brownshirts, to deal with a terrorist crisis -- gave Hitler's National Socialist regime the legal power to do -- ...: Conduct surveillance of citizens, wage aggressive war abroad, use torture as a method of interrogation, imprison or execute citizens at will...." Edmund Burke vs. the Busheviks
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