"Imigração Livre", pró e contra

Does Libertarianism Mean 'Open Borders'?

Journal of Libertarian Studies

Introduction
Raico, Ralph (Vol. 13 Num. 2)

Some libertarians automatically assume that there is no use
arguing the subject. “Open borders,” they believe, is unconditionally
mandated by free-market principles. Occasionally they go
so far as to suggest that any opposition to unrestricted entry must
be motivated by “racism.” They would do well to ponder the reply
of Milton Friedman when asked in an interview how the
Wall Street Journal could support fixed exchange rates. The Nobel
Laureate in economics replied:

You got me! My God, how the hell can they stick with
that? They’ve just got an idée fixe about it. Like they’ve
got on immigration. It’s just obvious that you can’t have
free immigration and a welfare state.1

(...)

Professor Simon and the other contributors to this symposium
raise questions that demand the attention of all who value the
survival and flourishing of a free society. What does a “pure libertarian
theory of immigration” imply? How is such a theory to
be applied in the current political and social circumstances? In
the case of the United States, is massive immigration conducive
or perhaps even necessary to a prosperous and highly innovative
economy? What qualifications of libertarian theory, if any, result
from the system of racial and ethnic privilege that is today
enshrined in law and actively promoted by the federal bureaucracy
and judiciary? Even aside from the prevailing regime of
privilege, civil rights laws prohibit Americans from “discriminating”
against anyone on the basis of race, ethnicity, etc., in
housing, employment, and many other areas of life.

Should this fact be addressed in formulating libertarian answers to the problem?
Would the increasing “balkanization” of American society
be fostered by “free immigration,” or is this even a factor that
libertarians should take into account? And what of the point
raised by Professor Friedman—the continued existence, for the
foreseeable future, of a vast welfare state that, like civil rights
laws and racial preferences, was not present in earlier phases of
large-scale immigration?

Finally, there is the general problem of democratic electoral
politics, which places the lives, liberties, and property of all
Americans at the disposal of whoever is able to control the political
process. Would unlimited immigration work to further the
erosion of individual rights as traditionally understood in the
United States? Or are consequences of this kind too problematical
to be considered by libertarian theory?

The editors of the Journal of Libertarian Studies hope that
this symposium will help readers understand just how significant
this subject is. This is no mere debate over more or fewer farm subsidies,
or tariffs, or welfare programs. Even massive immigration,
let alone “open borders,” will affect, for good or evil, the
fundamental character of America and all of the Western world.

Are There Grounds for Limiting Immigration?
Simon, Julian (Vol. 13 Num. 2)

A Libertarian Argument Against Opening Borders
Hospers, John (Vol. 13 Num. 2)

A Libertarian Case for Free Immigration
Block, Walter (Vol. 13 Num. 2)

A Libertarian Theory of Free Immigration
de Soto, Jesus Huerta (Vol. 13 Num. 2)

Immigration Into A Free Society
Machan, Tibor R. (Vol. 13 Num. 2)

The Sanctuary Society and its Enemies
North, Gary (Vol. 13 Num. 2)

The Case for Free Trade and Restricted Immigration
Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (Vol. 13 Num. 2)